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septembrie 09, 2012

Ted Morgan: De ce nu i-a plăcut lui William S. Burroughs biografia sa



Ted Morgan este autorul cărţii „Literary Outlaw. The life and times of William S. Burroughs”.

Viaţa mea a fost plină de accidente fericite. L-am întâlnit pe William Burroughs după ce m-am mutat în Tanger în 1968. Am rămas acolo patru ani lucrând la o carte pentru că era mai ieftin. În acele zile, Bill era dependent de droguri puternice şi era atât de evitat de toată lumea încât dacă vedea că-l placi îţi devenea un prieten loial.

Ca o altă coincidenţă, amândoi ne-am întors în New York în 1974. Până la acel moment, după decenii petrecute în străinătate, Bill avea o reputaţie în contextul contraculturii la a cărei creaţie contribuise. Expresia „Beat” devenise curentă, iar în timp ce mulţi o foloseau persiflant, Bill avea fani printre scriitori, cei tineri, şi muzicieni precum cei de la Talking Heads, Rolling Stones şi Iggy Pop. David Bowie se plângea „Tu stai în fund toată ziua scriind – Eu aş putea fi rupt în bucăţi de fanii mei”. Lui Burroughs nu-i prea plăcea muzica lor; gusturile sale în materie de muzică se îndreptau spre Hoagy Carmichael cu piesa „How Little We Know” din filmul „To Have and Have Not”. Dar el disimula.

Locuia acum într-un hotel al YMCA pe strada Bowery, la numărul 222, unde îl vizitam des, aici avea parte de un spaţiu mare fără ferestre care servise în trecut drept vestiar. În loc de baie aveau un şir de pisoare albe din porţelan. Lumina zilei nu ajungea niciodată la masa lui de lucru, dar lui Bill îi plăceau intimitatea şi liniştea a ceea ce el numea „Bunkerul”. Avea acum un asistent tânăr, original din Kansas, James Grauerholz, care se ocupa de treburile gospodăreşti şi de chestiunile sociale şi de afaceri. Bunkerul a devenit un salon al contraculturii.

Acei ani au fost alimentaţi de droguri şi alcool, cu Burroughs pe post de magnet. Artişti celebri au luat parte la acea perioadă: Patti Smith cu un nou cântec, Terry Southern cu un număr de comedie, Mick Jagger certându-se cu Bill în privinţa contraculturii.

Oameni de la publicaţii obscure veneau să-l intervieveze. „Nu dau doi bani pe calitatea interviului”, mi-a zis el. „Încerc să fac rost de cititori noi”. O altă pacoste era Jaques Stern, un francez înstărit, ologit de poliomelită, care a pus la bătaie nişte bani pentru a finanţa producţia unui film după romanul „Junkie”. I-am însoţit într-o seară pe Burroughs şi Stern la o cârciumă dintr-un resturant chinezesc, în Soho. Bill spunea că trebuie să mergă în Illinois, Florida şi Texas pentru nişte lecturi publice la nişte colegii. Stern l-a înnrebat dacă îi e frică să zboare. „Nu depinde de mine”, a zis Bill. „Dacă se rupe o aripă, vă voi uita în jur să văd în compania cui o să mor”. Chelnerul a venit şi l-a întrebat pe Burroughs ce doreşte. „Un biban pescuit din lacul Huron în 1920”, i-a răspuns ospătarului.

Grauerholz a venit cu iubitul lui, Richard, care s-a aşezat lângă Stern, un beţiv notoriu. Stern i-a zis lui Grauerholz „Nu eşti mai mult decât un dactilograf”. S-a întors apoi spre Richard şi i-a zis:” Eşti un nenorocit, eşti un gunoi”. Richard şi-a spart paharul cu vin lovindu-l de piciorul scaunului, ţinând apoi în mână fundul paharului care mai avea ceva vin, i l-a întins lui Stern şi i-a spus să bea. Stern a dus paharul spart la gură şi a strigat „Voi fi mort la miezul mopţii”. Grauerholz i-a răspuns „Sper din tot sufletul că aşa va fi”. Stern a încercat să-l ardă pe Grauerholz pe mână cu ţigara aprinsă. Un chelner a venit la masă şi ne-a spus că dacă nu încetăm cu scandalul va trebui să plecăm. Stern a început să ţipe „chemă poliţia”. Doi chelneri chinezi l-au înşfăcat de umeri şi l-au aruncat în stradă. Glume şi şotii în anii Bunkerului.

Când nu socializa sau scria, Burroughs lucra din greu la lecturile sale, repetând şi cronometrându-se. A realizat mai târziu că între 1974 şi 1984 a ţinut 150 de lecturi publice.  
Norman Maller mi-a zis că ura să citească public alături de Burroughs în campusurile universtare. Era ca şi când se afla în aceeaţi încăpere cu W. C. Fields, deoarece mereu când deschidea gura obţinea hohote de râs. Efectul prezenţei lui întunecate şi umorului său morbid. Orice spunea, oricât de banal, ceva ca „e al naibii de răcoare în dimineaţa asta” publicul se prăpădea de râs. Mailer se gândea tot timpul „lăsaţi-mă să plec de aici, nu trebuie să concurez cu tipul ăsta care spune tâmpenii cu o voce mormântală”.

La Bunker, în 1981, Burroughs sporise din nou dependenţa de droguri, iar Grauerholz şi-a dat seama că unica soluţie era să-l scoată din New York. Jim l-a dus în Lawrence, Kansas, unde Bill şi-a petrecut restul vieţii. Burroughs a început un tratament cu metadonă pe care şi-o procura mergând o dată pe săptămână în Kansas City.

Am lucrat la alte biografii şi n-am avut niciodată intenţia să scriu despre Burroughs, chiar dacă l-am mai vizitat în Lawrence din când în când. L-am dus cu maşina la clinica de unde îşi lua metadona. Acolo îl aşteptau de regulă vreo doi drogaţi să le dea autografe pe exemplare din „Naked Lunch” (rom. Prânzul Dezgolit).Sunt atât de mulţi dependenţi de droguri în America încât ar putea s-o pună de un club de lectură.

În timpul uneia dintre vizitele mele, în 1985, Bill m-a rugat să-i scriu biografia. Fiind deja autorul poveştilor vieţilor  a trei oameni morţi, Maugham, Churchill şi FDR, am fost intrigat de ideea de a avea un subiect cu care să pot dialoga.

Am petrecut trei ani făcând naveta între New York şi Lawrence, Kansas. Burroughs nu doar că a fost gură slobodă, dar m-a ajutat să găsesc şi mi-a făcut cunoştinţă cu nişte personaje bizare din viaţa sa, care nu ar fi stat de vorbă cu mine fără încuviinţarea sa. Sesiunile noastre întregistrate în jurul mesei din sufrageria sa durau de obicei câte o oră. După asta el era extenua. La un moment dat, după ce mi-a descris moartea soţiei sale, a căzut pe podea, ca într-o criză.

Singurul lui avertisment era „Nu face cu mine ca Truman”. Îl învinuia pe Capote (n. trad. Truman Capote) că   a urmărit să intervină când cei doi ucigaşi condamnaţi din „In Cold Blood” au fost spânzuraţi, pentru ca astfel să poată avea o scenă de moarte când cartea sa urma să fie publicată. I-am promis că nu va exista nicio aşteptare morbidă la căpătâiul său.

Când cartea mea a fost publicată în 1988, Burroughs era în Chicago. Întrebat de un reporter de la Tribune (n. trad. Chicago Tribune) ce părere are despre ea, a zis „e îngrozitoare”. E o diferenţă imensă între a sta la palavre cu cu prieten la tine acasă şi a-ţi vedea viaţa dezvăluită pe sute de pagini, unde mii de oameni o pot citi. E ca şi cum ai ajunge dezbrăcat la o petrecere. Am auzit de la prieteni că Bill se plângea de anumite scene şi chiar de titlu, „Literary Outlaw” (n. trad. Nelegiuit literar), spunând că el n-a fost niciodată un nelegiuit. Cu toate că fusese de fapt arestat de poliţia mexicană . Am rămas prieteni la suprafaţă, chiar dacă n-am mers la înmormântarea lui, când a murit ân 1993 la vârsta de 83 de ani.

Am fost ocupat cu alte cărţi iar lumina proverbială a rămas aprinsă până anul trecut. Am vorbit cu prietenul meu Bill Morgan, pe care îl ştiu de când lucra cu Allen Ginsberg. El a scris biografia definitivă a lui Allen şi lucra acum la o carte compusă din scrisorile lui Burroughs. Asta m-a pus pe gânduri. Propriei mele cărţi îi lipsea o scenă de moarte. De ce să nu scot o ediţie nouă, după mai bine de 20 de ani, pentru o nouă generaţie de cititori? Aşadar, iat-o.

____________________________
Articol publicat de Ted Morgan în Huffington Post
Traducerea: Cristina Sîmbeteanu


ianuarie 20, 2012

“If I had my way we’d sleep every night all wrapped around each other like hibernating rattlesnakes.”
— William S. Burroughs

mai 14, 2011

I'm out of yellow post its

Dear Vodka drinker, 
It's spring and it smells like tulips, you know how much I hate tulips. I can still remember your smile and your kiss, but I seem to have forgotten all our arguments. It's moments like these when I'm sorry time never drips backwards. 
I believe I never got the chance to thank you for the mid XXth century legacy you've left me with. I wonder if you still read this and if you still keep me alive somewhere, somehow... 
I'm also curious if springs are always gonna remind me of you (of us). 

forever not yours, 
Miss Burroughs

februarie 05, 2011

97 facts about William S. Burroughs


1. William S. Burroughs’ uncle was Ivy Lee, the godfather of modern public relations and a publicist for the Rockefellers.

2. His mother, Laura Lee Burroughs, came from a prominent Southern family, and claimed to be related to Robert E. Lee.

3. William S. Burroughs’ dad’s first name was Mortimer. He was the owner of a plate-glass company.

4. Their family fortune came from the Burroughs Adding Machine.

5. Burroughs’ parents sold their stock for $200,000 in 1929 — right before the stock market crash.

6. Burroughs used his first gun at age eight.

7. The same year, he wrote his first short story, “The Autobiography of a Wolf.”

8. Burroughs was introduced to opium by his family’s housekeeper.

9. Later in life, he thought he might have been sexually abused by a family relative.

10. From age 12 to 15, William S. Burroughs went to John Burroughs School in St. Louis. John and William were not related.

11. He discovered the counterculture lifestyle at age 13 after reading You Can’t Win, the autobiography of Jack Black. It was around this time that he first began experimenting with drugs.

12. His short essay “Personal Magnetism” was published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929.

13. He learned about sex from studying classics.

14. Burroughs’ parents sent him to the Los Alamos Boys School in New Mexico, a boarding school for the wealthy, when he was 15. He was later expelled after taking chloral hydrate with another student.

15. At 16, he lost his virginity to a boy in the next bunk bed.

16. He destroyed all his diaries from this period.

17. Burroughs graduated with a degree in English literature from Harvard University in 1936. He was known for keeping to himself, and spent most of his free time with a .32 revolver and his pet ferret.

18. His parents gave him an allowance of $200 a month after graduation. $200 in 1936 was roughly equivalent to $3000 in 2011.

19. Burroughs worked as a cub reporter for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, but disliked the job and refused to cover certain stories.

20. Burroughs was turned down four times by the military.

21. He moved to Vienna to study medicine at age 22.

22. In Europe, Burroughs married a Jewish woman named Ilse Klapper in order for her to escape Nazi occupation and obtain a visa to the United States.

23. They divorced, but remained close friends for decades.

24. He purposely cut off his left pinky at age 25.

25. He brought his severed finger to his psychiatrist Herbert Wiggers, who admitted him to a mental hospital.

26. Burroughs said that cutting off his little finger was part of “an initiation ceremony into the Crow Indian tribe.”

27. He later wrote a short story about the experience called “The Finger.”

28. Burroughs moved to Chicago in 1942 and got a job as an exterminator.

29. He also worked as an employee-fraud detective.

30. In Chicago, Burroughs became friends with Lucien Carr and Dave Kammerer; both men were also from St. Louis.

31. Burroughs moved to New York City in 1943, where he became friends with Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac.

32. In 1944, their friend Lucien Carr murdered Dave Kammerer for making sexual advances.

33. Burroughs and Kerouac were arrested as material witnesses to the crime.

34. The two collaborated on a novel based on the event, And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks.

35. While the book was completed in 1945, it remained unpublished until 2008.

36. Burroughs met his future common-law wife Joan Vollmer through Jack Kerouac, who was dating her roommate, Edie Parker.

37. The four of them moved in together in 1944.

38. Joan was the first girl Edie knew who practiced birth control with a diaphragm.

39. Kerouac introduced Burroughs’ wife Joan to Benzedrine inhalers.

40. In 1946, Burroughs was arrested for forging narcotics prescriptions.

41. At the same time, Joan was committed to a mental hospital for acute amphetamine-induced psychosis.

42. Burroughs and his wife moved to Texas and grew marijuana.

43. They had a son, William Burroughs III, aka Bill, Jr., born in 1947 in Conroe, Texas.

44. After being arrested for drugs in New Orleans, Burroughs and his family moved to Mexico City in 1949.

45. He studied Anthropology as a graduate student at Mexico City College.

46. In 1951, Burroughs killed Joan after shooting her in the head while playing William Tell.

47. They used a highball glass, not an apple.

48. Right before she was killed, Joan allegedly said, “I can’t watch this — you know I can’t stand the sight of blood.”

49. The police officially ruled it an accident, and Burroughs never served time for the crime.

50. In his book Queer, Burroughs wrote: “I am forced to the appalling conclusion that I would never have become a writer but for Joan’s death, and to a realization of the extent to which this event has motivated and formulated my writing.”

51. Though it was written between 1951 and 1953, Queer wasn’t published until 1985.

52. Burroughs moved to Columbia in search of the entheogenic vine yagé (ayahuasca) in 1953.

53. He corresponded with Ginsberg about his experiences; their exchange was published in 1963 as The Yage Letters.

54. Junkie was first published in 1953 under Burroughs’ pen name, William Lee.

55. Burroughs met his future collaborator Brion Gysin and author Paul Bowles in Tangier in 1954.

56. Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Ginsberg’s lover Peter Orlovsky visited Burroughs in Morocco in 1956 and helped him to organize Naked Lunch.

57. Naked Lunch was rejected for publication by City Lights Books.

58. Chicago Review editor Irving Rosenthal was fired for publishing excerpts of the book.

59. Burroughs lived with Ginsberg in Paris, where he met Maurice Girodias of Olympia Press, who published Naked Lunch in 1959.

60. Burroughs had a bad trip on psychedelic mushrooms that Timothy Leary gave him in 1961.

61. After it was published in the US in 1962, Naked Lunch was officially declared obscene by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Allen Ginsberg and Norman Mailer testified in defense of the book.

62. In 1966, courts rejected the obscenity charges against Naked Lunch. The case marked the last major censorship hearing against written literature in America.

63. “I do definitely mean what I say to be taken literally, yes, to make people aware of the true criminality of our times, to wise up to the marks,” Burroughs told an interviewer in 1970. He described Naked Lunch as ”a frozen moment when everyone sees what is on the end of every fork.”

64. While living in London, he reportedly sold his typewriter to buy heroin.

65. Burroughs appeared on the cover of the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. (He’s next to Marilyn Monroe in the middle.)

66. He attended the 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago with Jean Genet, Terry Southern, Allen Ginsberg, Richard Seaver, and John Berendt, where he witnessed police riots against demonstrators.

67. Burroughs lived abroad for 24 years before returning to NYC in 1974.

68. He taught at City College of New York from January to May of 1974.

69. Patti Smith had a huge crush on Burroughs (“He’s like another kind of Bible,” is how she once described him); he encouraged her to sing.

70. Burroughs’ son was one of the first people in the US to get a liver transplant in 1976.

71. William S. Burroughs worked as adjunct faculty at the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics of Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado from 1976 to 1978.

72. While he was one of the pioneers of gay liberation movement, Burroughs said, “I have never been gay a day in my life.”

73. He wrote for High Times magazine.

74. He loved snakes.

75. He always carried a gun, even in bed.

76. He’d also carry a custom-made sword-cane and a switchblade.

77. His physician’s name was Dr. Harvey Carcass.

78. He loved cats, having as many as six at a time.

79. Burroughs’ son Bill, Jr. died from a hemorrhage at age 33 on March 3, 1981.

80. Bill Burroughs, Jr. wrote two autobiographical novels before his death: Speed (1970) and Kentucky Ham (1973).

81. William S. Burroughs moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1981 with his life manager James Grauerholz, who helped him organize and publish his works.

82. He made paintings using bullets from shotguns.

83. He was inducted into the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.

84. The Ministry of Culture of France gave him the order of Commandeur del’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

85. During his life, Burroughs painted over 600 Manila file folders featuring “automatic calligraphy,” which he called his “life files.”

86. His first solo art exhibition was in December 1987 at Tony Shafrazi Gallery in NYC.

87. Burroughs was a regular on the set of David Cronenberg’s 1991 film adaptation of Naked Lunch.

88. He had triple bypass surgery at age 77 and quit smoking after the operation.

89. He was in a GAP commercial in 1993.

90. Kurt Cobain visited Burroughs six months before committing suicide. The pair had collaborated on Burroughs’ spoken word EP The “Priest” They Called Him.

91. Burroughs was featured in a Nike ad campaign in 1994.

92. He is considered the godfather of punk, even though he resisted the title.

93. He recorded a song with Ministry called “Quick Fix.” He also appeared in the music video for their song “Just One Fix.”

94. He has a drink named after him: “The Burroughs” is made with vodka and Coke.

95. Burroughs died of a heart attack in Lawrence, Kansas at age 83. His epitaph reads: “American Writer.”

96. He died five months after Allen Ginsberg passed away. In a 1961 interview Ginsberg asked Burroughs “What is death?” His response: “A gimmick. It’s the time-birth-death gimmick. Can’t go on much longer, too many people are wising up.”

97. William S. Burroughs’ final words in his last journal entry were: “Love? What is it? Most natural painkiller what there is. Love.”

Happy Birthday William S. Burroughs!



After one look at this planet any visitor from outer space would say “I want to see the manager.” - William S. Burroughs

ianuarie 30, 2011


Jack Kerouac, Peter Orlovsky, William S Burroughs, late March 1957, shortly after Allen & Peter had arrived from the US. Kerouac was soon to leave for travels in Europe, and Allen & Peter would stay on in Tangier till June.



William Burroughs & Peter Orlovsky, Tangier, Morocco, Spring 1957.

aprilie 03, 2010

Times are hard for the dreamers


"Don’t ask me nothin’ about nothin’, I just might tell you the truth." - Bob Dylan


Oh Yes

there are worse things than
being alone
but it often takes decades
to realize this
and most often
when you do
it’s too late
and there’s nothing worse
than
too late.

-Charles Bukowski



William S. Burroughs and Frank Zappa - meeting of the minds



Francis Bacon and William Burroughs, London, 1989




(clockwise) David Amram, Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso (back to camera), Larry Rivers and Jack Kerouac. New York, 1959. Photo: John Cohen